Central Bank Digital Currencies Can Replace Cash, Offer Resilience: IMF Chief (2024)

Central bank digital currencies (CBDC) can replace physical money, especially in economies where cash deployment is costly, Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund Kristalina Georgieva said during a Wednesday speech.

CBDCs are digital iterations of sovereign currencies like the U.S. dollar or the euro issued by central banks, potentially utilizing technologies that underlie cryptocurrencies. Governments worldwide see these currencies as something that could support the digitization of payments, improve the efficiency of cross-border payments and help financial inclusion – by bringing financial services to unbanked or underbanked populations.

While some institutions like the European Union’s apex bank ECB have insisted that a CBDC will not replace cash, Georgieva’s comments indicate it could be a possibility – and even beneficial – for some economies.

“CBDCs can replace cash which is costly to distribute in island economies. They can offer resilience in more advanced economies. And they can improve financial inclusion where few hold bank accounts,” she said at the Singapore FinTech Festival on Wednesday.

While there is “so much uncertainty” over applications for CBDCs and adoption is very low, there is also space for innovation, and “this is not the time to turn back,” Georgieva said.

“The public sector should keep preparing to deploy CBDCs and related payment platforms in the future,” she said, adding that these platforms should be designed from the start to facilitate cross-border payments, which are currently “expensive, slow and available to few.”

While financial institutions like the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) have called on countries to set up relevant legislation to support CBDCs, major jurisdictions still haven’t made any decisions on whether to issue them.

Georgieva also echoed BIS Chief Agustin Carstens’ recent comments that CBDCs will be central to financial innovation and that the private sector will have to play a major role in bringing the currencies to market.

“Country authorities wishing to introduce CBDCs may need to think a little more like entrepreneurs. Communication strategies, and incentives for distribution, integration, and adoption, are as important as design considerations,” Georgieva said.

Edited by Pariksh*t Mishra.

Central Bank Digital Currencies Can Replace Cash, Offer Resilience: IMF Chief (2024)

FAQs

Central Bank Digital Currencies Can Replace Cash, Offer Resilience: IMF Chief? ›

CBDCs would offer a safe and low-cost alternative [to cash]. They would also offer a bridge to go between private monies and a yardstick to measure their value, just like cash today which we can withdraw from our banks,” the IMF chief said.

Can digital currency replace cash? ›

2. Will a U.S. CBDC replace cash or paper currency? The Federal Reserve is committed to ensuring the continued safety and availability of cash and is considering a CBDC as a means to expand safe payment options, not to reduce or replace them.

Will CBDC replace fiat currency? ›

It must yield these benefits more effectively than alternative fiat or physical money. The U.S. CBDC should complement, rather than replace, current forms of money and methods for providing financial services.

Who controls the central bank digital currency? ›

A central bank controls a CBDC, whereas cryptocurrencies are almost always decentralized, meaning they can't be regulated by a single authority, such as a bank.

What are the benefits of CBDC IMF? ›

However, full compliance with financial integrity requirements remains necessary. A CBDC could also offer benefits beyond those of cash, such as the development of financial history to help widen access to credit. A CBDC can thus serve as a valuable entry point to the formal financial system.

Does IMF say central bank digital currency can replace cash? ›

IMF says central bank digital currencies can replace cash: 'This is not the time to turn back' IMF's Kristalina Georgieva said that the public sector should keep preparing to deploy central bank digital currencies and related payment platforms in the future. “We have not yet reached land.

How close are we to a cashless society? ›

The US is moving toward cashless payments, with a substantial increase in the use of mobile wallet apps and contactless cards. A report from the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco found that payments made using cash accounted for just 18% of all US payments in 2022.

Is the United States going to digital currency? ›

U.S. President Joe Biden ordered officials to look into a digital dollar in 2022 but it has become a divisive political issue with Biden's Republican rival in this year's U.S. election race, Donald Trump, vowing not to allow it.

What will replace cash in the future? ›

Q: What is the future of money? The future of money is expected to be heavily influenced by technology. Predictions include the rise of cashless societies, the growth of cryptocurrencies, the continued adoption of digital currencies, and the potential offering of a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) by governments.

Is Bank of America switching to digital dollars? ›

Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) are coming, but a digital dollar is unlikely in the near term, Bank of America (BAC) said in a report on Monday.

Will cash become obsolete? ›

If it's been a long time since you pulled out actual dollars and coins to pay for something — here's a conversation for you. It might seem like cash is slowly becoming obsolete. But, Brett Scott says it's a false narrative that we're all pining for a cashless society.

Will CBDC control my money? ›

This goes way beyond Big Brother: Since all transactions must be cleared through the government agency running the CBDC, they can veto any transaction or even force transactions without your authorization. It's a level of governmental control George Orwell could never imagine.

Is a CBDC a threat to banks? ›

Changes in Banking: CBDCs could change traditional banking models, reducing the role of banks as intermediaries and complicating access to credit. Digital Inflation: If the management of CBDC issuance is not strictly regulated, it could lead to additional inflationary pressure.

What are the disadvantages of CBDC? ›

Cons of CBDC

One of the disadvantages of CBDCs is the potential for privacy risks. Digital currencies are vulnerable to cyberattacks, which can result in the loss of funds or sensitive information. The impact of CBDCs on privacy is vast, as they can be used to track individuals' financial activities.

What are the disadvantages of CBDC currency? ›

Privacy may be eroded as all financial transactions may be monitored and tracked in real time. Also, more personal information may be collected. The government can conduct more surveillance as they can collect more data and do more tracking and monitoring. Cybersecurity risks may arise as CBDC has to be online.

What are the risks of CBDC for government? ›

From expanding financial surveillance to destabilizing the financial system, CBDCs could impose enormous costs on U.S. citizens. Put simply, there is no reason for the federal government to issue a CBDC when the costs are so high and the benefits are so low.

Should we get rid of paper money? ›

For instance, using cash instead of credit or debit cards may help keep some people from overspending, because you can see how little is left in your wallet after every purchase. In short, getting rid of cash would impose hardships on society's most vulnerable people and could jeopardize our privacy.

What will happen to the US dollar? ›

We expect 2024 to be a year of diverging trends for the dollar. It will likely move lower on a broad trade-weighted basis early in the year but stabilize as the year progresses. Although we expect a general downward drift for the dollar, performance of individual currencies will likely vary widely.

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