What's behind the historic stock market highs and how it relates to the overall economy (2024)

Geoff Bennett:

As we reported, this has been a big week for the stock market. Not only did the Dow Jones close above the 40000 mark for the first time today. The much broader S&P 500 and the Nasdaq also reached record highs this week.

The markets have rallied back from the recent lows of 2022, and the Dow is about 40 percent higher than when the pandemic started.

Roben Farzad joins us now. He's the host of public radio's "Full Disclosure" podcast.

It's always great to see you, Roben.

So how significant is it that the Dow hit the 40,000 mark? Because the Dow doesn't tell us as much about the economy as the S&P 500 does.

Roben Farzad, Host, "Full Disclosure": It's a great talking point. Everything is kind of feeling pricey right now, whether it's housing, crypto, gold, stocks.

Then again, at the turn of the century, there was an infamous book called "Dow 36000." And it took forever for the Dow to even visit 20000, 25000, much less 40000. There's another school's thought that says the Dow should be far higher if it was more rationally planned, for example, if Apple or Amazon was added, or if there were other components right now that more represent this economy than the old economy components that are still in it.

So — but we will take it. But nothing is really cheap in this really peculiar economy.

Roben Farzad:

Artificial intelligence. We have a semiconductor company called Nvidia, which is suddenly a $1 trillion, $2 trillion player.

A lot of enthusiasm about the A.I. boom. How is it going to affect manufacturing, construction, journalism, media, all these powerful semiconductor chips that are going to be required, the staffing, the consulting, professional services that are going to be disrupted because of that? So it's almost a parallel Internet.

We have had companies with record profits because they have pricing power. And oddly enough, I mean, that passes through to stock market investors. Time was you would worry that inflation would kill stocks. But if you're actually buying a Chipotle, if you're buying a homebuilder, you have these portfolio companies that are pushing through price increases, then you as a shareholder are partaking in that, hence Dow 40000 and the S&P at an all-time high.

Roben Farzad:

It's bizarre that we're having that conversation.

You have asset prices at a record high. Nobody can seem to afford a house. There are bidding competitions left and right. And yet the Fed is romancing this idea of cutting interest rates? I think it speaks to the weakness in the economy, the fact that those who are not partaking in this wealth effect, lower-middle-income people, lower-income people, who have to overmax credit card debt, who are struggling to make ends meet amid this inflation, the kind of the value meal shock at a drive-through at a McDonald's.

The Fed has a blunt instrument. We talked about this before. And if they ease into this, does the housing market really need stimulus right now? Does the stock market need stimulus? There's a roaring debate going on in Wall Street. And, indeed, the Fed was supposed to hike earlier, and it's been punting on it.

What's behind the historic stock market highs and how it relates to the overall economy (2024)

FAQs

How does the stock market relate to the economy? ›

The stock market impacts the economy because it influences consumer confidence, which in turn influences the overall economy. The relationship also works the other way, in that economic conditions often impact stock markets.

How did the stock market crash affect the economy? ›

Simply put, the stock market crash of 1929 caused the Great Depression because everyone lost money. Investors and businesses both put significant amounts of money into the market, and when it crashed, tremendous amounts of money were lost. Businesses closed and people lost their savings.

What were three major reasons that led to the stock market crash? ›

In addition to the Federal Reserve's questionable policies and misguided banking practices, three primary reasons for the collapse of the stock market were international economic woes, poor income distribution, and the psychology of public confidence.

How do fluctuations in stock prices affect the economy? ›

How do fluctuations in stock prices affect the​ economy? - Lower stock prices create uncertainty about future incomes and jobs. - Lower stock prices affect a​ firm's ability to raise funds for physical investment. - Lower stock prices typically lead to decreased spending by households and firms.

What is the relationship between the stock market and the real economy? ›

The stock market functions as a kind of economic barometer, reflecting opinions on which direction big wealthy investors think the economy is heading.

What is the relationship between financial markets and the economy? ›

The financial market plays a significant role in the growth of an economy, as it provides a platform for individuals, businesses, and governments to invest, borrow, and raise capital.

What is the historical performance of the stock market? ›

The historical average yearly return of the S&P 500 is 9.28% over the last 150 years, as of the end of April 2024. This assumes dividends are reinvested. Adjusted for inflation, the 150-year average stock market return (including dividends) is 6.94%.

What is stock market in simple words? ›

The stock market is where investors buy and sell shares of companies. It's a set of exchanges where companies issue shares and other securities for trading. It also includes over-the-counter (OTC) marketplaces where investors trade securities directly with each other (rather than through an exchange).

How were the stock market crash and the collapse of the banking system related? ›

Many of the small banks had lent large portions of their assets for stock market speculation and were virtually put out of business overnight when the market crashed. In all, 9,000 banks failed--taking with them $7 billion in depositors' assets.

Do you lose all your money if the stock market crashes? ›

Again, you technically don't lose any money in the stock market unless you sell your investments. If you simply hold your stocks until the market rebounds, your stocks should regain their value. The key is to ensure you're investing in strong stocks that have the ability to weather market turbulence.

What led to the collapse of the stock market? ›

Among the more prominent causes were the period of rampant speculation (those who had bought stocks on margin not only lost the value of their investment, they also owed money to the entities that had granted the loans for the stock purchases), tightening of credit by the Federal Reserve (in August 1929 the discount ...

What ended the Great Depression? ›

Despite all the President's efforts and the courage of the American people, the Depression hung on until 1941, when America's involvement in the Second World War resulted in the drafting of young men into military service, and the creation of millions of jobs in defense and war industries.

What is the relationship between economic growth and the stock market? ›

Due to market volatility, it is possible for stock prices to fall in good economic times as well as rise in bad ones. The stock market prices are likely to reflect the same sentiment if the GDP is increasing and the economy appears to be improving, though not always in the short term.

Why is the stock market a leading indicator of economic change? ›

One of the top leading indicators is the stock market. Because stock prices factor in forward-looking performance, the market can indicate the economy's direction if earnings estimates are accurate. A strong market may suggest that earnings estimates are up, which may suggest overall economic activity is up.

How does market share affect the economy? ›

Economies of scale

An increase in a company's market share can allow the company to operate on a greater scale and increase profitability. It also helps the company develop a cost advantage compared to its competitors.

How do economic factors affect stock market? ›

Economic strength has a direct impact on the performance of the country's financial markets. Indicators such as GDP growth rate, inflation rate, spending and unemployment rate reflect economic health. A movement in these indicators causes the markets to respond rapidly.

Why is the stock market going up when the economy is down? ›

The S&P 500 surprisingly rose an average of 1% during all recession periods since 1945. That's because markets usually top out before the start of recessions and bottom out before their conclusion. In other words, the worst is over for stocks before it's over for the rest of the economy.

How does the stock market benefit society? ›

Capital markets include the stock market and the bond market. They help people with ideas become entrepreneurs and help small businesses grow into big companies. They also give folks like you and me opportunities to save and invest for our futures.

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