Human Population Dynamics - AP Enviro Study Guide 2024 | Fiveable (2024)

Annual Percent Change formula

: The annual percent change formula is used to calculate the percentage increase or decrease in a value over a period of one year. It compares the difference between the initial and final values to the initial value, and then expresses it as a percentage.

Carrying capacity

: Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals of a species that an environment can sustainably support without degrading the ecosystem or depleting resources.

Density Dependent Factors

: Density dependent factors are environmental factors whose effects on populations depend on their density. These factors include competition for resources, predation, and disease transmission.

Density Independent Factors

: Density independent factors are environmental factors that affect populations regardless of their density. These factors include natural disasters, climate change, and pollution.

Disease (in the context of a density dependent factor)

: A condition caused by pathogens or parasites that can spread more easily when populations are dense. Diseases can have significant impacts on population size and dynamics.

Education

: Education refers to the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes through teaching, training, or research.

Emigration

: Emigration refers to the act of individuals or groups leaving their home country to permanently settle in another country. It involves the movement of people across international borders.

Family Planning

: Family planning is the practice of controlling the number and spacing of children within a family through contraception methods and reproductive health services. It allows individuals and couples to make informed decisions about when they want to have children and how many they want.

Finite Resources

: Finite resources are natural resources that exist in limited quantities and cannot be replenished within a human lifespan. These resources have a finite supply and can eventually be depleted if not managed sustainably.

Food Availability (in the context of a density dependent factor)

: The amount of food resources present in an ecosystem, which can influence population growth and size. When food availability is limited, it can lead to competition among individuals for resources.

Industrialization

: Industrialization refers to the process by which an economy transforms from primarily agricultural-based production to one dominated by manufacturing and industrial activity.

Infant Mortality Rates

: Infant mortality rates refer to the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births in a given population. It is an important indicator of the overall health and well-being of a society.

Jobs

: Jobs refer to paid positions or occupations in which individuals perform specific tasks or roles to earn a living. They provide individuals with income, opportunities for personal growth, and contribute to the overall functioning of society.

Medicine

: Medicine refers to the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases or injuries in humans.

Nutrition

: Nutrition refers to the process by which organisms obtain and utilize food for growth, maintenance, and energy. It involves the intake, digestion, absorption, transport, and utilization of nutrients by living organisms.

Population Doubling Time

: Population doubling time refers to the amount of time it takes for a population to double in size. It is calculated by dividing the natural logarithm of 2 by the growth rate.

Population Dynamics

: Population dynamics refers to the study of how populations of organisms change in size, density, and structure over time. It involves analyzing factors such as birth rates, death rates, immigration, emigration, and interactions with other species.

Population Growth Rate formula

: The population growth rate formula is used to calculate how fast a population is growing or declining over a specific period of time. It takes into account both natural increase (births minus deaths) and net migration (immigration minus emigration).

Rule of 70

: The Rule of 70 is a mathematical formula used to estimate the doubling time of a growing quantity based on its annual growth rate. It provides a quick way to determine how long it takes for a population or any other quantity to double in size.

Sanitation

: Sanitation refers to the practice of maintaining clean and hygienic conditions in order to prevent the spread of diseases. It involves proper disposal of waste, access to clean water, and personal hygiene practices.

Territory Size (in the context of a density dependent factor)

: The area occupied by an individual or group that is defended against others. Territory size is influenced by population density and plays a role in resource acquisition and reproductive success.

Weather Events

: Weather events refer to natural phenomena that occur in the Earth's atmosphere and can have significant impacts on the environment and human activities. They include storms (such as hurricanes and tornadoes), fires, heatwaves, and droughts.